Which of the following would be considered an accommodation rather than a modification for a student on a social studies test?

The rationale for selecting the option about allowing the student to provide oral responses is rooted in the definition and purpose of accommodations versus modifications. Accommodations are intended to provide equal access to the curriculum and assessment for students without fundamentally altering the learning expectations or requirements. By permitting oral responses, the student maintains the same content standards and expectations as their peers; however, the method of demonstrating understanding is adjusted to better suit the student's needs.

This reflects an accommodation because it does not change what the student is expected to learn or the specific knowledge and skills being assessed. Instead, it simply changes how the student can express their understanding.

In contrast, other options present modifications that alter the learning expectations or standards for mastery. For example, setting a lower standard for mastery or assessing only vocabulary rather than the full range of content reduces the complexity of the tasks and changes the learning goals, which categorizes them as modifications rather than accommodations. Providing the test at a lower reading level similarly changes the expectations and presents a different measure of what the student is supposed to learn, thereby qualifying as a modification.